How to allocate basis in a 1031 exchange?

Question

How is the basis of the replacement property determined in a 1031 exchange, and what are the specific steps or considerations involved in allocating the basis when additional consideration, such as cash or other property, is involved in the exchange?

ARTE's Answer

Allocating basis in a 1031 exchange is a crucial step to ensure that you accurately calculate your deferred gain and future tax obligations. When you complete a 1031 exchange, the basis of your relinquished property is transferred to your replacement property, with adjustments for any additional cash or debt involved in the transaction. Here's a detailed breakdown of how to allocate basis in a 1031 exchange, using an example to illustrate the process.

Understanding Basis Allocation

  1. Adjusted Basis of Relinquished Property: Start by determining the adjusted basis of the property you are exchanging. This is typically the original purchase price plus any capital improvements made, minus any depreciation taken.
  2. Amount Realized: Calculate the amount realized from the sale of the relinquished property. This is the sale price minus any selling expenses, such as commissions and closing costs.
  3. Recognized Gain: In a 1031 exchange, you defer recognition of gain, but you need to calculate it to understand the tax implications. The recognized gain is the amount realized minus the adjusted basis of the relinquished property.
  4. Basis in Replacement Property: The basis in your replacement property is generally the adjusted basis of the relinquished property, plus any additional cash paid, minus any cash received (boot), plus any gain recognized.

Example with Deferred.com as the Qualified Intermediary

Let's say you own a rental property with an adjusted basis of $200,000. You sell this property for $500,000, incurring $30,000 in selling expenses. You use Deferred.com as your qualified intermediary to facilitate a 1031 exchange and purchase a new property for $600,000.

  • Adjusted Basis of Relinquished Property: $200,000
  • Amount Realized: $500,000 - $30,000 (selling expenses) = $470,000
  • Recognized Gain: $470,000 (amount realized) - $200,000 (adjusted basis) = $270,000

Since you are deferring the gain through a 1031 exchange, you do not recognize this gain immediately. Instead, you roll it into the basis of your replacement property.

  • Cash Paid for Replacement Property: $600,000
  • Basis in Replacement Property: $200,000 (adjusted basis of relinquished property) + $100,000 (additional cash paid) = $300,000

In this example, you have deferred the $270,000 gain, and your new basis in the replacement property is $300,000. This basis will be used to calculate depreciation and any future gain or loss when you eventually sell the replacement property.

Using Deferred.com as your qualified intermediary ensures that the exchange is structured correctly, allowing you to defer taxes and allocate basis accurately. By understanding these steps and working with a qualified intermediary like us, you can maximize the benefits of a 1031 exchange and make informed decisions about your real estate investments.

Have more questions? Call us at 866-442-1031 or send an email to support@deferred.com to talk with an exchange officer at Deferred.

Deferred's AI Real Estate Tax Expert (ARTE) is a free research tool. Trained on 8,000+ pages of US tax law, regulations and rulings, ARTE outperforms human test takers on the CPA exam. This is page has ARTE's response to a common 1031 Exchange question and should not be considered personalized tax advice.

Sources

Learn More

See more frequently asked questions about 1031 exchanges

When can you refinance after a 1031 exchange?
What are the guidelines and considerations for refinancing a property acquired through a 1031 exchange, and how might refinancing impact the tax-deferred status of the exchange?
What happens if 1031 exchange fails?
What are the potential consequences and tax implications if a 1031 exchange does not meet the necessary requirements for deferral, and how can a taxpayer address or mitigate these issues to ensure compliance with IRS regulations?
How to find 1031 exchange property?
What are the best strategies and resources for identifying suitable replacement properties for a 1031 exchange, ensuring they meet the like-kind requirements and align with my investment goals?
When to use 1031 exchange?
When is it advantageous to utilize a 1031 exchange for deferring capital gains taxes on the sale of investment or business-use property, and what are the strategic considerations or scenarios where this tax-deferral mechanism would be most beneficial?
Can you refinance a 1031 exchange property?
Can a property acquired through a 1031 exchange be refinanced, and if so, what are the implications or considerations for maintaining the tax-deferred status of the exchange?